A general framework for nonholonomic mechanics: Nonholonomic Systems on Lie affgebroids

This paper presents a geometric description of Lagrangian and Hamiltonian systems on Lie affgebroids subject to affine nonholonomic constraints. We define the notion of nonholonomically constrained system, and characterize regularity conditions that guarantee that the dynamics of the system can be obtained as a suitable projection of the unconstrained dynamics. It is shown that one can define an almost aff-Poisson bracket on the constraint AV-bundle, which plays a prominent role in the description of nonholonomic dynamics. Moreover, these developments give a general description of nonholonomic systems and the unified treatment permits to study nonholonomic systems after or before reduction in the same framework. Also, it is not necessary to distinguish between linear or affine constraints and the methods are valid for explicitly time-dependent systems.Comment: 50 page

Caracterización estratigráfica, sedimentológica y paleoflorística del Grupo Sorocayense (Triásico) en el área de Barreal, provincia de San Juan, Argentina

The northern area of Cuyo Basin (west‐central Argentina) corresponds to the Rincón Blanco half-graben, whose filling is arranged into the Rincón Blanco and Sorocayense groups. In the present study, we propose a new stratigraphic scheme for the Sorocayense Group in the Barreal depocenter (San Juan Province), revise the palaeoenvironmental interpretations, and organize and analyse the plant assemblages of previous and new fossiliferous levels. We defined three tectosedimentary sequences. The basal sequence represents the initial graben filling with pyroclastic flows, alluvial fan, and ephemeral fluvial systems, and is arranged in a new unit, the Cerro Colorado del Cementerio Formation. The middle sequence, including Barreal and Cortaderita formations, is characterized by sediment gravity flow deposits and different fluvial systems, with development of floodplains with vertisols and calcisols, and temporal ponds/lakes. In turn, the Cortaderita Formation was divided into the following lithostratigraphic members: Don Raúl and La Emilia. The upper sequence, represented by Cepeda Formation, was deposited by distributary fluvial and ephemeral fluvial systems. Twelve fossiliferous strata (EF) were recognized, which were all identified in the middle sequence: EF1 to EF3 in the Barreal Formation, EF4 to EF8 in the Don Raúl Member, and EF9 to EF12 in the La Emilia Member, both of Cortaderita Formation. The taphocoenosis found in the Barreal and Cortaderita formations were dominated by corystosperms, with conifers, cycadales, and peltasperms as subordinate forms. The available evidence from the taphofloras, palaeosols and palaeonvironments indicate the development of seasonal subtropical climates, which vary from arid or semi-arid in the basal sequence, sub-humid to semi-arid in the middle sequence, and arid or semi-arid in the upper sequence. On the basis of the new information, geological correlation and age of the lithostratigraphic units were accurately re-evaluated. Based on the palaeofloristic content and the correlation with the Rincón Blanco Group, it is possible to infer that the basal sequence was accumulated during late Early Triassic-early Middle Triassic, the middle sequence during the Middle Triassic, while the upper sequence was deposited in the early Late Triassic.El área norte de la cuenca Cuyana (centro-oeste de la Argentina) corresponde al hemigraben de Rincón Blanco, cuyo relleno comprende los grupos Rincón Blanco y Sorocayense. En este estudio, se propone un nuevo esquema estratigráfico para el Grupo Sorocayense en el depocentro de Barreal, se reinterpretan los paleoambientes, y se organizan y analizan las asociaciones plantíferas de niveles fosilíferos nuevos y previamente estudiados. Se definieron tres secuencias tecto-sedimentarias. La secuencia basal representa el relleno inicial del hemigraben con depósitos de flujos piroclásticos, abanicos aluviales y sistemas fluviales efímeros, y es incluida en una nueva unidad: Formación Cerro Colorado del Cementerio. La secuencia media, que comprende a las formaciones Barreal y Cortaderita, se caracteriza por depósitos de flujos gravitacionales de sedimentos, y diferentes sistemas fluviales, con planicies de inundación en las que se desarrollaron vertisoles y calcisoles, y estanques o lagunas temporales. La Formación Cortaderita fue dividida en los siguientes miembros litoestratigráficos: Don Raúl y La Emilia. La secuencia superior, representada por la Formación Cepeda, fue depositada por sistemas fluviales distributarios y efímeros. Se reconocieron doce estratos fosilíferos (EF), todos identificados en la secuencia media: EF1 al EF3 en la Formación Barreal; EF4 al EF8 en el Miembro Don Raúl; y EF9 al EF12 en el Miembro La Emilia, ambos de la Formación Cortaderita. Las tafocenosis halladas están dominadas por corystospermas, con las coníferas, cycadales y peltaspermas como formas subordinadas. La evidencia disponible acerca de las tafofloras, paleosuelos y paleoambientes indican el desarrollo de climas subtropicales estacionales, que varían de áridos a semiáridos en la secuencia basal, subhúmedos a semiáridos en la secuencia media, y áridos o semiáridos en la secuencia superior. Con la nueva información, se reevaluaron las correlaciones y la edad de las unidades en forma más precisa. Sobre la base del contenido paleoflorístico y la correlación con el Grupo Rincón Blanco, se infiere que la secuencia basal se depositó durante el Triásico Temprano tardío–Triásico Medio temprano, la secuencia media durante el Triásico Medio y la secuencia superior durante el Triásico Tardío temprano.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Robust machine learning segmentation for large-scale analysis of heterogeneous clinical brain MRI datasets

Every year, millions of brain MRI scans are acquired in hospitals, which is a figure considerably larger than the size of any research dataset. Therefore, the ability to analyse such scans could transform neuroimaging research. Yet, their potential remains untapped, since no automated algorithm is robust enough to cope with the high variability in clinical acquisitions (MR contrasts, resolutions, orientations, artefacts, subject populations). Here we present SynthSeg+, an AI segmentation suite that enables, for the first time, robust analysis of heterogeneous clinical datasets. In addition to whole-brain segmentation, SynthSeg+ also performs cortical parcellation, intracranial volume estimation, and automated detection of faulty segmentations (mainly caused by scans of very low quality). We demonstrate SynthSeg+ in seven experiments, including an ageing study on 14,000 scans, where it accurately replicates atrophy patterns observed on data of much higher quality. SynthSeg+ is publicly released as a ready-to-use tool to unlock the potential of quantitative morphometry.Comment: under review, extension of MICCAI 2022 pape

Contribution of infauna and mussel-raft epifauna to demersal fish diets

The contribution of infauna and mussel-raft epifauna to the diet of 3 dominant species in the demersal fish community of the Ria de Arosa, N. W. Spain - Lesueurigobius friesii (Gobiidae), Callionymus lyra (Callionymidae) and Trisopterus luscus (Gadidae) - was determined. Intense raft mussel culture in the Ria de Arosa supports a rich epifauna which constitutes the main food resource for the fishes studied. In contrast, infauna density is low and contributes only a small proportion to fish diets. Prey consumed was similar in the 3 fish species. Gut contents consisted mainly of the small crab Pisidia longicornis. This decapod is a dominant component of the raft epifauna, and electivity indices indicate that it is selected by the fishes. In the Ria de Pontevedra, which contains fewer mussel rafts, these fish fed on infauna. Thus, one effect of intense mussel aquaculture has been to change the food habits of these 3 fishes from predominantly infauna to raft epifauna diet.versión del edito

Twin Hypercube for Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets and Their Application in Medicine

In this paper, we present a description of intuitionistic fuzzy sets as vectors in twin hypercube. Finally we verify an application of intuitionistic fuzzy sets in medicine using twin hypercube for intuitionistic fuzzy sets.S

Joint Genome-Wide Profiling of miRNA and mRNA Expression in Alzheimer's Disease Cortex Reveals Altered miRNA Regulation

Although microRNAs are being extensively studied for their involvement in cancer and development, little is known about their roles in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we used microarrays for the first joint profiling and analysis of miRNAs and mRNAs expression in brain cortex from AD and age-matched control subjects. These data provided the unique opportunity to study the relationship between miRNA and mRNA expression in normal and AD brains. Using a non-parametric analysis, we showed that the levels of many miRNAs can be either positively or negatively correlated with those of their target mRNAs. Comparative analysis with independent cancer datasets showed that such miRNA-mRNA expression correlations are not static, but rather context-dependent. Subsequently, we identified a large set of miRNA-mRNA associations that are changed in AD versus control, highlighting AD-specific changes in the miRNA regulatory system. Our results demonstrate a robust relationship between the levels of miRNAs and those of their targets in the brain. This has implications in the study of the molecular pathology of AD, as well as miRNA biology in general

Rotación y fertilización en sistemas de producción de la región semiárida bonaerense I : productividad (calidad y rendimiento) del trigo

p.67-75En la región semiárida bonaerense se estudió el efecto de 12 años de diferentes rotaciones con trigo (Triticum aestivum ) sobre la productividad del cultivo. Las rotaciones estudiadas fueron: TV, trigo-verdeos de invierno y verano; TI, trigo verdeos de invierno; TPa, trigo-alfalfa (Medicago sativa); TPc, trigo-pastura conso ciada. Todas ellas divididas en tratamientos sin (nf) y con (f) fertilizantes (N y P todos los años). Se incluyó la rotación trigo-pastoreo (TP), típica de la región. Se evaluaron la producción de materia seca total aérea (MSta), de grano, de paja, de proteína y el contenido de N en grano y paja. La inclusión de verdeos en la rotación produjo efecto positivo pero de corto p la zo , mejoró el rendimiento pero no la calidad proteica del grano. La fertilización incrementó el rendimiento pero sólo en TV mejoró la calidad. En las rotaciones con pastura el rendimiento en grano fue semejante, pero la respuesta a la fertilización fu e significativa solamente en TPc. La alfalfa como antecesor favoreció la mayor producción y calidad inicial de la materia seca del trigo, pero no se tradujo en incremento en el rendimiento en grano

Cycle scheduling for in vitro fertilization with oral contraceptive pills versus oral estradiol valerate: a randomized, controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Both oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) and estradiol (E(2)) valerate have been used to schedule gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles and, consequently, laboratory activities. However, there are no studies comparing treatment outcomes directly between these two pretreatment methods. This randomized controlled trial was aimed at finding differences in ongoing pregnancy rates between GnRH antagonist IVF cycles scheduled with OCPs or E(2) valerate. METHODS: Between January and May 2012, one hundred consecutive patients (nonobese, regularly cycling women 18–38 years with normal day 3 hormone levels and <3 previous IVF/ICSI attempts) undergoing IVF with the GnRH antagonist protocol were randomized to either the OCP or E(2) pretreatment arms, with no restrictions such as blocking or stratification. Authors involved in data collection and analysis were blinded to group assignment. Fifty patients received OCP (30 μg ethinyl E(2)/150 μg levonorgestrel) for 12–16 days from day 1 or 2, and stimulation was started 5 days after stopping OCP. Similarly, 50 patients received 4 mg/day oral E(2) valerate from day 20 for 5–12 days, until the day before starting stimulation. RESULTS: Pretreatment with OCP (mean±SD, 14.5±1.7 days) was significantly longer than with E(2) (7.8±1.9 days). Stimulation and embryological characteristics were similar. Ongoing pregnancy rates (46.0% vs. 44.0%; risk difference, –2.0% [95% CI –21.2% to 17.3%]), as well as implantation (43.5% vs. 47.4%), clinical pregnancy (50.0% vs. 48.0%), clinical miscarriage (7.1% vs. 7.7%), and live birth (42.0% vs. 40.0%) rates were comparable between groups. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to directly compare these two methods of cycle scheduling in GnRH antagonist cycles. Our results fail to show statistically significant differences in ongoing pregnancy rates between pretreatment with OCP and E(2) for IVF with the GnRH antagonist protocol. Although the study is limited by its sample size, our results may contribute to a future meta-analysis. An interesting future direction would be to extend our study to women with decreased ovarian reserve, as these are the patients in whom an increase in oocyte yield—due to the hypothetical beneficial effect of steroid pretreatment on follicular synchronization—could more easily be demonstrated. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov http://NCT01501448

Presencia de infección y lesiones mínimas en mama y otros tejidos en ovinos afectados de Maedi-Visna

5 páginas, 2 tablas.--Trabajo presentado al: XL Congreso Nacional y el XVI Congreso Internacional de la Sociedad Española de Ovinotecnia y Caprinotecnia. (Castellón de la Plana, España, 16-18 septiembre 2015).Este trabajo ha sido subvencionado por los proyectos LE361A12-1 y LE314U14 de la Junta de Castilla y León y por una beca FPU del Ministerio de Educación.Peer Reviewe

A synthetic-lethality RNAi screen reveals an ERK-mTOR co-targeting pro-apoptotic switch in PIK3CA+ oral cancers.

mTOR inhibition has emerged as a promising strategy for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) treatment. However, most targeted therapies ultimately develop resistance due to the activation of adaptive survival signaling mechanisms limiting the activity of targeted agents. Thus, co-targeting key adaptive mechanisms may enable more effective cancer cell killing. Here, we performed a synthetic lethality screen using shRNA libraries to identify druggable candidates for combinatorial signal inhibition. We found that the ERK pathway was the most highly represented. Combination of rapamycin with trametinib, a MEK1/2 inhibitor, demonstrated strong synergism in HNSCC-derived cells in vitro and in vivo, including HNSCC cells expressing the HRAS and PIK3CA oncogenes. Interestingly, cleaved caspase-3 was potently induced by the combination therapy in PIK3CA+ cells in vitro and tumor xenografts. Moreover, ectopic expression of PIK3CA mutations into PIK3CA- HNSCC cells sensitized them to the pro-apoptotic activity of the combination therapy. These findings indicate that co-targeting the mTOR/ERK pathways may provide a suitable precision strategy for HNSCC treatment. Moreover, PIK3CA+ HNSCC are particularly prone to undergo apoptosis after mTOR and ERK inhibition, thereby providing a potential biomarker of predictive value for the selection of patients that may benefit from this combination therapy